Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity, A.D. 2026

A.D. 2026 is one of those years with a long Trinity season. There will be 24 Sundays after Trinity, followed by Sunday next before Advent on November 22nd. Since, for reasons unrecalled now, I did not post commentary on the Collect, Epistle and Gospel readings for Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity in A.D. 2025 and A.D. 2023, I take this opportunity to do so in A.D. 2026. The Collect for Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity is a modified version which Archbishop Cranmer derived from the Gelasian Sacramentary for the 1549 Book of Common Prayer, with the addition of the phrase, “the world, the flesh and the devil” which was added with the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. The Gelasian Sacramentary is named after Pope Gelasius, who ruled at Rome from 492 A.D. to 496 A.D.. The Gelasian document appeared for the first time at Paris, France, in the mid-8th C. In the English tradition the Gelasian Sacramentary was widely used in the English Church before the separation from Rome during the reign of Henry XVIII in the third decade of the 16th C. As I did in A.D. 2024, I share with viewers an image of the cover cover and first page of an edition of the Gelasian Sacramentary printed in the 8th C. It is not clear whether this is an image of the first edition of the Gelasian document. It is one of the many historic documents shared and entered into the public domain from the enormous collection found in the Yorck Project. The original of the Gelasian Sacramentary is at the Vatican Library, Rome, Italy,.

Gelasian Sacramentary, Title page (left) and 1st page (right), colors and gold on parchment, 8th C.,
The Yorck Project, commonly called 10,000 Masterworks, published in a DVD in 2002 A.D.. Public Domain.

Themes of the Collect are mankind’s long struggle against the “temptations of the world, the flesh, and the devil” and the need for humanity to “follow thee, the only God.” The phrase, “world, the flesh and devil,” was derived from the petitions for deliverance (“deceits of the world, the flesh, and the devil”) in the Litany (B.C.P. p. 54). The Epistle reading, 1 Corinthians 1:4-9, is a reminder by St. Paul to the constantly-wavering congregation he established at Corinth that faith in Jesus Christ and His teachings, was, is and remains always for mankind the only path to being “blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. The Gospel reading, Matthew 22:34-46, is St. Matthew’s account of Jesus’ lesson to the Pharisees on two questions: “which is the great commandment in the law” and the identity of Jesus Christ: “what think ye of Christ? whose son is he?” This encounter happened on the Tuesday following Palm Sunday in 30 A.D.. (Tuesday before Easter in the B.C.P.). The reading should be seen in the context that the Pharisees had calculated that there were 613 commandments in Scripture and that the authors of the Book of Common Prayer included Jesus’ answer following the Ten Commandments in the Holy Communion liturgy (B.C.P. page 69). The Collect and the two readings from Scripture are powerful reminders of the absolute need of all the faithful to rely upon the Christian truth, as opposed to the many and varied temptations offered constantly in newspapers, radio, television and the Internet to follow the fickle teachings of men (and women). I have never found, through many web searches, an illustration that is not a modern cartoon-like interpretation. If anyone knows of one, I would like to hear detailed information.

This week’s Collect, Epistle and Gospel lessons are an enduring lesson in the need for paying attention to traditional Christian teachings. This point of view seems completely alien to those who go so far as rewriting the New Testament to fit their beliefs. Take heart. This kind of variation has been with the Church Universal from the beginning. There is more on this subject in the episodes of our Christian Education Video Series, The War on Christianity, linked from the Digital Library page.

As always, thank you for your interest and support. Glory be to God for all things! Amen!

Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity

The Collect for the Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity is another adaptation by Archbishop Cranmer from the 1549 Book of Common Prayer, which the Archbishop adapted from the Gelasian Sacramentary. As noted in earlier posts, the Gelasian Sacramentary is named after Pope Gelasius (ruled at Rome, 492-496), but the document did not appear until the mid-8th C. at Paris, France. The Gelasian document was widely used in the English Church before the separation from Rome during the reign of Henry XVIII. In Western Europe, the Gregorian Sacramentary, which is derived from an an early 9th C. initiative by Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne, influenced by his spiritual advisor, the Blessed Alcuin of York. A fuller version of the Gregorian Sacramentary was completed around the 10th C. I saved the Gelasian image below from the Wikipedia Commons version of The Yorck Project, commonly called 10,000 Masterworks, which was distributed on a DVD and entered into the public domain in 2002 A.D. The original document measures 10.2″ high and 13.1″ wide. In order to improve the resolution for this usage. I reduced its size and raised the resolution to 300 dpi..

The preamble to the Collect was reworded for the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. It includes the iconic phrase, “the temptations of the world, the flesh and the devil.” The same words also appear as part of the third phrase of the deliverance requests in The Litany, or General Supplication, published in 1544 A.D., the first English language liturgy of the Church 0f England.

LORD, we beseech thee, grant thy people grace to withstand the temptations of the world, the flesh and the devil;
and with pure hearts and minds to follow thee, the only God, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Epistle reading, 1st Corinthians 1:4-9, is one of the shortest readings in the Book of Common Prayer. On this occasion, the canonical order of the Pauline epistles is interrupted, leaping backward from Ephesians 4 on the Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity to a point earlier in the epistle than the first reading from 1st Corinthians 10:1-13 (Ninth Sunday after Trinity) and other readings on the Tenth and Eleventh Sundays after Trinity. The epistle includes closing reference to “the day of our Lord,” an allusion to Jesus coming again.

The Gospel reading, Matthew 22:34-46, includes two important dialogues, the first also recorded in Mark 12:28-37 and the second in Luke 20:41-44. The event is thought to have happened on Tuesday, 30 A.D., three days before Good Friday. The background of the two dialogues is the continuing rivalry between the Sadducees and the Pharisees. In verse 35, one of their number, a lawyer, asks Jesus, “Master, which is the great commandment?” Some context is needed to understand fully the question. Both the Sadducees and the Pharisees had their own answer to the question, with the Pharisees having calculated that there were 613 commandments in Hebrew Scripture and not just the ten in the Decalogue. In this context, the “lawyer” in verse 35 thought that any answer would offend someone. A cardinal rule for all modern-era lawyers is that a lawyer should never ask a question unless he or she already know the answer. In the reading, Jesus replied, as He often did (most famously in His dialogue with Satan in Matthew 4), with verses from Scripture. Here the verses are Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. His answer, in verses 37-40, was incorporated into the Anglican Holy Communion liturgy in the 1714 and the 1764 versions. It is commonly known as the Summary of the Law. The Summary of the Law was incorporated into the Holy Communion liturgy in the first American prayer book, published in 1789 A.D.

Jesus continued to befuddle His inquisitors with a second citation of Scripture regarding David. He quoted Psalm 110:1, the most-quoted verse in all the Psalms. As Matthew recorded in the closing verse, no one thereafter asked Him any more questions. In Christian art, the Gospel reading is generally depicted by a graphic displaying the words quoted by Jesus. For this blog post, I offer you a graphic which I adapted from a Christ Pantokrator mosaic (literally: Ruler of the Universe) from the Basilica of St. Ambrose, Milan, Italy. Because this Byzantine-style mosaic is very high above the floor level any photographs are distorted by sightlines diminishing toward top center. In the mosaic, Jesus is seated on a throne with the Archangels Michael (left) and Gabriel (right) and several saints. I used this image in the AIC Bookstore Publications, The Gospel of Mark: Annotated & Illustrated (Illus. # 66), Angels: In Scripture, Art & Christian Tradition (Illus. # 13) and Christmas: In Scripture, Art & Christian Tradition (Illus. No. 58). All books are available through my Amazon Author Central page. The image was also used in several AIC Video series, including The Great “O” Antiphons, Episode Two – O Adonai; The Twelve Days of Christmas, 2nd Day – Dec. 26th, 11th Day – Jan. 4th & 12th Day – Jan. 5th; In the Cross of Christ I Glory, 3rd Word, 6th Word, 7th Word; Eastertide, Episode 1; The War on Christianity, Episode 6; Trinitytide: the Teaching Season, Episode 7; and New Testament: Gospels, Episode 2.

Christ Enthroned, mosaic, 13th C. Basilica of St. Ambrose of Milan, Milan, Italy. Image copyright Can Stock Photo, Inc./Tupugato. The original basilica was built in the 6th C., with additions made in the 11th C. Perspective correction, image cropping and image rotation applied. The original image is displayed below. Traditionally, the image is also known in the Western Church as Christ in Majesty and Christ Pantokrator (literally, Ruler of the Universe) in the Eastern Church tradition.

I hope viewers find these resources inspiring and comforting, especially in the current anti-Christian age. We aim to make documents from the 2000 year history of the Church more easily accessible across the spectrum of print, audio or video media.

As always, thank you for your interest and support.